The integrity of research is based on the foundational core values of science.
The research system could not operate without these shared values that shape the behaviors of all who are involved with the system. Out of these values arise the web of responsibilities that make the system cohere and make scientific knowledge reliable. Many previous guides to responsible conduct in research have identified and described these values (CCA, 2010; ESF-ALLEA, 2011; IAC-IAP, 2012; ICB, 2010; IOM-NRC, 2002). This report emphasizes six values that are most influential in shaping the norms that constitute research practices and relationships and the integrity of science:
- Objectivity
- Honesty
- Openness
- Accountability
- Fairness
- Stewardship
This chapter examines each of these six values in turn to consider how they shape, and are realized in, research practices.
The first of the six values discussed in this report—objectivity—describes the attitude of impartiality with which researchers should strive to approach their work. The next four values—honesty, openness, accountability, and fairness—describe relationships among those involved in the research enterprise. The final value—stewardship—involves the relationship between members of the research enterprise, the enterprise as a whole, and the broader society within which the enterprise is situated. Although we discuss stewardship last, it is an essential value that perpetuates the other values.
