The Supreme Court announced Monday that it will take up a Republican-backed effort to enforce stricter voting regulations in Arizona, a battleground state where such measures were passed following the 2020 election. The justices have previously allowed similar rules to take effect on a temporary basis, including Arizona’s proof-of-citizenship mandate for state and local elections and Virginia’s removal of voters from registration rolls, which state officials said was designed to prevent noncitizens from casting ballots.

President Donald Trump’s administration has joined the appeal after lower courts determined that the measures violated federal voting statutes. The high court is expected to hear arguments in the fall, with a ruling likely to come after the midterm elections.

The Republican-controlled state legislature enacted the laws in 2022, part of a broader push across the country following Trump’s baseless claims that widespread voter fraud had cost him a narrow loss in Arizona to Democrat Joe Biden. Trump won the state in 2024, helping secure his return to the White House.

The case first reached the Supreme Court’s emergency docket in 2024, when the justices granted a partial victory to Republicans by allowing Arizona to require proof of citizenship for state and local voter registration while blocking the requirement for federal races. That same year, the court permitted Virginia to continue its voter roll purge shortly before the election.

Citizenship is a prerequisite for voting nationwide, and applicants must attest to their citizenship under penalty of perjury when registering. Arizona is among a small number of states that demand additional documentation, such as a driver’s license or passport. Available data indicates that voting by noncitizens is exceedingly rare.

Arizona previously attempted to impose proof-of-citizenship requirements for federal elections in 2013, but the Supreme Court struck down that law. Currently, residents may register as “federal only” voters without presenting proof of citizenship, though Arizona mandates additional documentation for participation in state and local elections.