Vladimir Putin has spoken with Cyril Ramaphosa, according to the Kremlin.
The leaders are said to have discussed the situation in Ukraine, as well as cooperation in energy and trade.
The countries are part of the BRICS economic group – involving Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
South Africa has held a mixed position on the Ukraine conflict, at times remaining neutral and at other times appealing for an end to the fighting.
Last summer, Mr Ramaphosa, during a visit to St Petersburg, urged his Russian counterpart to end the war in Ukraine – but he has blamed NATO for the conflict.
He has also offered to mediate in a peace deal.
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